Passing a pure, one-wavelength beam through vertical slits with a width close to the wavelength of the beam reveals the wave character of light. The laser beam emitted by the observatory represents ray behavior, as it travels in a straight line. In Figure 17.2, both the ray and wave characteristics of light can be seen. Interference is the identifying behavior of a wave. However, when it interacts with smaller objects, it displays its wave characteristics prominently. As is true for all waves, light travels in straight lines and acts like a ray when it interacts with objects several times as large as its wavelength. The range of visible wavelengths is approximately 380 to 750 nm. It is crucial for understanding various wave patterns and has applications in a wide range of fields, from optics and spectroscopy to radio communication.Where c = 3.00 × 10 8 c = 3.00 × 10 8 m/s is the speed of light in vacuum, f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave in Hz (or s –1), and λ λ is its wavelength in m. In summary, diffraction is a fundamental phenomenon in the behavior of electromagnetic waves that occurs when they encounter obstacles or apertures. This technique has been instrumental in various scientific discoveries, such as the determination of the structure of DNA by Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, and Francis Crick. The resulting diffraction pattern can be analyzed to determine the crystal structure and atomic positions within the material. When a beam of X-rays encounters a crystal, the X-rays are diffracted by the regular arrangement of atoms within the crystal lattice.
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